QuickTest Professional (QTP) Questions and Answers Part 4

Written by Raj

HP Mercury QTP

Types of properties that Quick Test learns while recording?

(a) Mandatory (b) Assistive . In addition to recording the mandatory and assistive properties specified in the Object Identification dialog box, QuickTest can also record a backup ordinal identifier for each test object. The ordinal identifier assigns the object a numerical value that indicates its order relative to other objects with an otherwise identical description (objects that have the same values for all properties specified in the mandatory and assistive property lists). This ordered value enables QuickTest to create a unique description when the mandatory and assistive properties are not sufficient to do so.

Differences between QTP & Winrunner?

(a) QTP is object bases Scripting ( VBS) where Winrunner is TSL (C based) Scripting.
(b) QTP supports ".NET" application Automation not available in Winrunner
(c) QTP has "Active Screen" support which captures the application, not available in WR.
(d) QTP has "Data Table" to store script values , variables which WR does not have.
(e) Using a “point and click” capability you can easily interface with objects, their definitions and create checkpoints after having recorded a script – without having to navigate back to that location in your application like you have to with WinRunner. This greatly speeds up script development.

Few basic questions on commonly used Excel VBA functions.

common functions are:
Coloring the cell
Auto fit cell
setting navigation from link in one cell to other saving

How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?

To datadrive we have to parameterize.i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each iteraration(cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time datatable. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction(action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggestable, & it's also of no use.

What is the difference between Call to Action and Copy Action.?

Call to Action : The changes made in Call to Action , will be reflected in the orginal action( from where the script is called).But where as in Copy Action , the changes made in the script ,will not effect the original script(Action)

How to verify the Cursor focus of a certain field?

Use "focus" property of "GetRoProperty" method"

Any limitation to XML Checkpoints?

Mercury has determined that 1.4MB is the maximum size of a XML file that QTP 6.5 can handle

How to make arguments optional in a function?

this is not possible as default VBS doesn't support this. Instead you can pass a blank scring and have a default value if arguments r not required.

How to add a text checkpoint to your test to check whether 'welcome' is displayed in your welcome page.

1 Locate the page where you want to add a text checkpoint.

2 Create a text checkpoint.
In the Active Screen, under your page highlight the text welcome. Right-click the highlighted text and choose Insert Text Checkpoint. The Text Checkpoint Properties dialog box opens.
When Checked Text appears in the list box, the Constant field displays the text string you highlighted. This is the text QuickTest looks for when running the test.
Click OK to accept the default settings in this dialog box.
QuickTest adds the text checkpoint to your test. It is displayed in the Keyword View as a checkpoint operation on your welcome page

3 Save the test.

How to Running and Analyzing a Test with Checkpoints?

1 Expand the test and review your test.
Choose View > Expand All or use the * shortcut key on your number keypad.

2 Start running your test.
Click Run or choose Test > Run. The Run dialog box opens. Ensure that New run results folder is selected. Accept the default results folder name. Click OK. When the test run is completed, the Test Results window opens.

3 View the test results.
When QuickTest finishes running the test, the Test Results window opens. The test result should be Passed, indicating that all checkpoints passed. If one or more checkpoints had failed, the test result would be Failed.

4 View the results of the page checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the page checkpoint, which lists the items checked.

5 View the results of the table checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the table checkpoint. You can also review the values of the table cells (cell values that were checked are displayed in black; cell values that were not checked are displayed in gray).

6 View the results of the standard checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the standard checkpoint, which lists the properties that were checked and their values. The checkpoint passed because the actual values of the checked properties match the expected values.

7 View the results of the text checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the text checkpoint. The checkpoint passed because the actual text matches the expected text.

8 Close the Test Results window. Choose File > Exit.

How to Defining a Data Table Parameter for QTP?

1 Start QuickTest and open the Checkpoint test.
2 Save the test as Parameter.
3 Confirm that the Active Screen option is enabled.
4 Confirm that the Data Table option is enabled.
5 Select the text to parameterize.
6 Set the parameterization properties.

How to add a runtime parameter to a datasheet?

DataTable.LocalSheet
The following example uses the LocalSheet property to return the local sheet of the run-time Data Table in order to add a parameter (column) to it.
MyParam=DataTable.LocalSheet.AddParameter("Time", "5:45")

How to change the run-time value of a property for an object?

SetTOProperty changes the property values used to identify an object during the test run. Only properties that are included in the test object description can be set

How to retrieve the property of an object?

using "GetRoProperty".

How to open any application during Scripting?

SystemUtil , object used to open and close applications and processes during a run session.
(a) A SystemUtil.Run statement is automatically added to your test when you run an application from the Start menu or the Run dialog box while recording a test
E.g : SystemUtil.Run "Notepad.exe" SystemUtil.CloseDescendentProcesses ( Closes all the processes opened by QTP )

How to covert a String to an integer?

CInt()---> a conversion function available.

Inserting a Call to Action is not Importing all columns in Datatable of globalsheet. Why?

Inserting a call to action will only Import the columns of the Action called

Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.

Object repository is used to store all the objects in the application being tested.2 types of oject repositoy per action and shared. In shared repository only one centralised repository for all the tests. where as in per action.for each test a separate per action repostory is created.

What the differences are and best practical application of each.

Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created. Shared : One Object Repository is used by entire application

Explain what the difference between Shared Repository and Per_Action Repository

Shared Repository: Entire application uses one Object Repository , that similar to Global GUI Map file in WinRunner Per Action: For each Action ,one Object Repository is created, like GUI map file per test in WinRunner

Have you ever written a compiled module? If yes tell me about some of the functions that you wrote.

I Used the functions for Capturing the dynamic data during runtime. Function used for Capturing Desktop, browser and pages.

What projects have you used WinRunner on? Tell me about some of the challenges that arose and how you handled them.

pbs :WR fails to identify the object in gui. If there is a non std window obk wr cannot recognize it ,we use GUI SPY for that to handle such situation.

Can you do more than just capture and playback?

I have done Dynamically capturing the objects during runtime in which no recording, no playback and no use of repository is done AT ALL.
-It was done by the windows scripting using the DOM(Document Object Model) of the windows

Summary: QuickTest Pro

Summary:
QuickTest Professional provides an interactive, visual environment for test development.
Here is the description from the Mercury Interactive “How it Works” section of the QuickTest Pro web page:
Mercury QuickTest Professional™ allows even novice testers to be productive in minutes. You can create a test script by simply pressing a Record button and using an application to perform a typical business process. Each step in the business process is automated documented with a plain-English sentence and screen shot. Users can easily modify, remove, or rearrange test steps in the Keyword View.

QuickTest Professional can automatically introduce checkpoints to verify application properties and functionality, for example to validate output or check link validity. For each step in the Keyword View, there is an ActiveScreen showing exactly how the application under test looked at that step. You can also add several types of checkpoints for any object to verify that components behave as expected, simply by clicking on that object in the ActiveScreen.

You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.

Advanced testers can view and edit their test scripts in the Expert View, which reveals the underlying industry-standard VBScript that QuickTest Professional automatically generates. Any changes made in the Expert View are automatically synchronized with the Keyword View.

Once a tester has run a script, a TestFusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test script specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining TestFusion reports with Mercury Quality Management, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

QuickTest Professional also facilitates the update process. As an application under test changes, such as when a “Login” button is renamed “Sign In,” you can make one update to the Shared Object Repository, and the update will propagate to all scripts that reference this object. You can publish test scripts to Mercury Quality Management, enabling other QA team members to reuse your test scripts, eliminating duplicative work.

QuickTest Professional supports functional testing of all popular environments, including Windows, Web, .Net, Visual Basic, ActiveX, Java, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, terminal emulators, and Web services.

- QuickTest Pro “How it Works” webpage from Mercury:
http://www.mercury.com/us/products/quality-center/functional-testing/quicktest-professional/works.html

We like QuickTest Pro and now prefer implementing it over WinRunner. When you get into advance testing scenarios, QuickTest Pro has more options and they are easier to implement compared to WinRunner in our opinion.

Do to the similarities in concept and features, an experienced WinRunner user can easily convert to QuickTest Pro and quickly become an efficient Test Automation Engineer!

We recommend that existing customers begin all new development with QuickTest Pro and use the built-in feature of calling WinRunner scripts from QuickTest Pro for all existing WinRunner scripts that they already have. As older scripts require updates and time permits, we recommend replacing them with QuickTest Pro scripts. Eventually you will be able to convert your test script library with all QuickTest Pro scripts.
Pros:
* Will be getting the initial focus on development of all new features and supported technologies.
* Ease of use.
* Simple interface.
* Presents the test case as a business workflow to the tester (simpler to understand).
* Numerous features.
* Uses a real programming language (Microsoft’s VBScript) with numerous resources available.
* QuickTest Pro is significantly easier for a non-technical person to adapt to and create working test cases, compared to WinRunner.
* Data table integration better and easier to use than WinRunner.
* Test Run Iterations/Data driving a test is easier and better implement with QuickTest.
* Parameterization easier than WinRunner.
* Can enhance existing QuickTest scripts without the “Application Under Test” being available; by using the ActiveScreen.
* Can create and implement the Microsoft Object Model (Outlook objects, ADO objects, FileSystem objects, supports DOM, WSH, etc.).
* Better object identification mechanism.
* Numerous existing functions available for implementation – both from within QuickTest Pro and VBScript.
* QTP supports .NET development environment (currently WinRunner 7.5 does not).
* XML support (currently WinRunner 7.5 does not).
* The Test Report is more robust in QuickTest compared to WinRunner.
* Integrates with TestDirector and WinRunner (can kick off WinRunner scripts from QuickTest).
Cons:
* Currently there are fewer resources (consultants and expertise) available due to QTP being a newer product on the market and because there is a greater Demand than Supply, thus fewer employee/consulting resources.
* Must know VBScript in order to program at all.
* Must be able to program in VBScript in order to implement the real advance testing tasks and to handle very dynamic situations.
* Need training to implement properly.
* The Object Repository (OR) and “testing environment” (paths, folders, function libraries, OR) can be difficult to understand and implement initially

Explain the terms “TEST” and “ Business Component”

Test—A collection of steps organized into one or more actions, which are used to verify that your application performs as expected. By default each test begins with a single action. Business Component—A collection of steps representing a single task in your application. Business components (also known as components) are combined into specific scenarios to build business process tests in Mercury Quality Center with Business Process Testing. A component does not contain actions, you add steps directly to a componenet.

What is check point?

A checkpoint checks specific values or characteristics of a page, object, or text string and enables you to identify whether or not your Web site or application is functioning correctly. A checkpoint compares the value of an element captured in your test when you recorded your test, with the value of the same element captured during the test run.

What do you mean by iteration ?

Each run session that uses a different set of parameterized data is called an iteration.

What is output value?

An output value is a value retrieved during the run session and entered into your Data Table or saved as a variable or a parameter. Each run session that uses a different set of parameterized data is called an iteration.

How many Add-ins comes by default with QTP?

There are 3 Add-ins comes with QTP: (1) ActiveX (2) Visual Basic (3) Web

What are the views available in QTP?

(1) Keyword View (2) Expert View

What is Active Screen?

The Active Screen provides a snapshot of your application as it appeared when you performed a certain step during a recording session.